Craig Venter on Creating Synthetic Life
2010 Scientists Create First Synthetic Cell
Scientists Create Life
The news is only days old but like a long awaited messenger, we have been expecting it with trepidation.
The answer to the question that man has been pondering for thousands of years is now in.
Like it or not and to hell with the consequences; Man has created life.
Okay, to be more accurate, scientists have created synthetic life in the lab.
But let’s not quibble over semantics because in the near future it won’t matter, we will have done both.
J Craig Venter and his team have, to paraphrase those immortal words first spoken by Neil Armstrong as he took “one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind?”
But when it comes to creating life, do we know where we leap? Or are we jumping with our eyes closed and hoping for the best?
What the Ancient Greeks Thought About “Life”
Since the days of Aristotle, scientists, philosophers, and theologians have debated the question, which I will state as:
“Is Life a gift from God or merely a mixture of chemical components that ultimately unravel or stop working, leading to a condition we call death?”
The ancient philosophers thought our “soul” was “Life” which left our body when we died. The Greek word is derived from the verb “to cool, to blow” and refers to their concept that in humans and other animals, life is a kind of “vital breath”, or “animating force” that somehow enters our body at birth.
Henri Bergson’s Élan vital
Henri Bergson coined another term for that vital force that distinguishes the living from the dead; he called it “Élan vital”. In his 1907 book, Creative Evolution, Bergson closely linked Élan vital with consciousness. It was the existence of this vital force, which led people to believe that it was not possible to create organic molecules. In effect they believed man could not create life.
Scientists Create Synthetic Life in Lab
J Craig Venter. Is Craig Venter
a modern day Prometheus?
Now a little over 100 years later, Dr Craig Venter’s team has taken a Neil Armstrong like step toward proving them wrong. They have created artificial life by transplanting computer-designed genetic DNA into a bacteria cell to form a new strain of the bacteria. In effect, they have created a computer virus that has resulted in a living organism.
While Bergson and his followers may be proved wrong, the ancient Greeks had many creation myths and perhaps some of these creation stories are more prescient than we realised, for example, one ancient myth asserts that humans were created out of earth and water, aided by the Greek God, Prometheus, with his gift of fire.
Could Prometheus have been some alien scientist and was his fire a Bunsen burner? Are we the product of some alien computer programmer?
This hypothesis may make an interesting topic of speculation but what is more likely is, that Venter’s experiment and that of other teams, (such as the researchers at the Scripps Research Institute who in 2009, created molecules that self-replicate and even evolve and compete), shows that given the right “environment” life could form spontaneously.
It might be a billion to one chance but the Scripps research team hypothesized that “Some chemical reactions occurred about 4 billion years ago — perhaps in a primordial tidal soup or maybe with the help of volcanoes or possibly at the bottom of the sea or between the mica sheets — to create biology”. (see article in Live Science).
Is Man made in the Image of God?
Whichever way you look at it, this type of research will not only lead to new biochemical technology that could be used for good or bad, but it will also re-open the age-old questions regarding the origins and nature of life. This could have far deeper implications for mankind as we reassess our place in the world as a creature not made in the image of God and with no moral superiority over other species.
In an article on another website we look at the mechanics of how scientists created life on a computer but in this article I want to ask the philosophical questions;
- What happens if scientists prove there is no God?
- What happens when scientists make human beings?
- How will that affect our self-esteem?
- How will the loss of “God” or an afterlife affect the way people behave?
I Build You a Slave
The stated goals of the Venter project is to develop the ability to design microbes from scratch to perform functions ranging from converting carbon-dioxide into oil, to creating microbes that eat pollution or blue-green algae and for manufacturing better vaccines.
We should note that they are the “Good” solutions this technology can provide. However, we all know there is always another side of research. Governments may use it to create biological weapons and scientists will be tempted to modify genes in species and one day, they will be tempted to create new species. I know this is the stuff of science fiction, for example, creating slaves to serve us or hubots to serve as soldiers and much more, but science fiction has a way of becoming fact and often, sooner than we expected.
True, it may be a long way off, but so was a result like this one, a hundred years ago and our scientific knowledge today is expanding at a rate at least equivalent to ten “20th century years” every year.
The organism Venter’s team created has one million letters or bases of DNA code but how long will it take before they can piece together the 3 billion bases needed to produce a human (The human genome is made up of DNA, which has four different chemical building blocks. These are called bases and abbreviated A, T, C, and G. In the human genome, about 3 billion bases are arranged along the chromosomes in a particular order for each unique individual.) One thing this experiment reinforces is that nothing is impossible and time is relative.
Indeed, this work fans the debate over bioethics which is heating up, as the Christian Science Monitor writes, due to “a broad trend in the physical and biological sciences – one that over the past several decades has evolved to give humanity the ability to manipulate inanimate, and now animate, matter at its most fundamental levels and in forms of uniquely human design”. (Pete Spotts, 20th May 2010). As our ability to create life gets closer to realisation, so understanding the ethics involved becomes more urgent.
Venter says his work could be seen as the “final word in favour of mechanistic reductionism” of organic life”. He says. “That’s the enormous significance of this work.” This is a reference to Hegel’s hypothesis of biological development from mechanism to chemism, chemism to teleology, and teleology to life.
Please Go to Part 2 for:
Is Craig Venter a God?
At What Point Do You Become God?
Is It Ethically Acceptable to Make A Slave?
Bad With God – What Will We Be Like Without God?
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Thank you for your comment. And welcome to the recently revived Shadow in the Flame. It’s great to see you here.
Cheers,
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When did you get into blogging? Four of five years but I have been writing all my life. I think that is why my posts are generally too long – I am still not used to the shorter style expected in blogging.
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Editor
Thanks for the tip off. I will pass it on to our tech guys.
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doing this article? Could be this method with creative commons?
Editor:
I’m not sure I understand your comment but you are welcome to use the method which I developed by accident in all honesty.
I never intended to do an analysis of each article in the beginning but I got so many call from people who wanted to discuss its meaning I thought I would share some of what I told them with our readers. It gave me an opportunity to discuss the ideas behind the story that may not be so apparent to people when they read the story on their own. That worked so well I really felt I needed to do it again with the second chapter.
And so began a new method which I quite like because it gives me freedom to introduce concepts without having to go into a lot of detail as I can discuss them later. That is a great advantage when you are trying to keep each chapter within a reasonably short format of two A4 pages.
Cheers,
Ric
I’ve never heard of this before. I’ll definately need to check this out.
Cool site!!
Your web site is extremely fascinating, I want to communicate with u, could i sent electronic mail for you?
From Ric:
Yes of course, you are all welcome to email me, my address is: ric at shadowintheflame dot com.
Thanks Everyone for all your supportive comments.
Ric
Intellectual??? That was the most “intellectual” comment I’ve ever seen. LOL
Hello everyone. I believe this discussion requires more intellectual opinions to be more interesting. But, of course, the author made a great job!
Editor:
Thank you Tramadol, I too am looking forward to the time when our readers feel comfortable enough to set out their views in more detail. I am so happy though to see that more people are leaving comments, I feel we are developing a nice community here. I must say, I always look at Shadow in the Flame first thing every day before I look at any other web site because I enjoy reading the comments.
Best Wishes to Everybody
Ric
Hello just discovered this place and posted to say hello to everyone
Hello just registered on this forum and decided to say hello to everybody
Editor:
Hello and Welcome, Hope you enjoy it.
Ric
Hello just registered on this forum and decided to say hello to everybody
Editor:
Welcome, hold on to your umbrella it gets a bit windy here sometimes 🙂 Hope you enjoy it.
Ric
Hey just found this place and thought I would say hi to everyone
Interesante, no va a continuar con este artнculo?
Gracias
Which Translated means
Interesting, it is not going to continue with this artнculo? Thanks
Sorry Nicolas I don’t know what the critical word means: artнculo?
Oh and I don’t link to Porn sites.
Hello does an existing member on here mange to view this website and load it clearly on their mobile phone eg. iphone? Any assistance gratefully accepted as to which is the best way to access this place on the move. I am looking to buy a mobile phone shortly and need to buy the right one for accessing this site and the internet generally.
Editor’s Note:
I use an iPhone and so do many of our readers and we have no problem accessing the site. Hope that helps.
I found this information in another comment that might be helpful:
The Zune concentrates on being a Portable Media Player. Not a web browser. Not a game machine. Maybe in the future it’ll do even better in those areas, but for now it’s a fantastic way to organize and listen to your music and videos, and is without peer in that regard. The iPod’s strengths are its web browsing and apps. If those sound more compelling, perhaps it is your best choice.
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I find myself finding alot usefull information in this forum.
Hi does somebody on here mange to access this website and load it clearly on their mobile phone eg. blackberry? Any tips gratefully received as to which is the best way to view this place on the move. I plan to change my mobile phone next month and want to buy the best one for surfing this site and the web generally.
Editor’s notr:
Hi I use an iPhone and the web site shows up fine. Hope that helps.
Hello does anybody on here mange to access this forum and load it clearly on their mobile phone eg. iphone? Any instruction gratefully accepted as to which is the best way to access this place on the move. I plan to change my mobile phone soon and want to buy the best one for surfing this site and the web generally.
Tolle Webseite. Welcher Designer hat das Aussehen entworfen ? War bestimmt teuer aber es hat sich echt gelohnt. Toll gemacht
Which Translated says:
Mad web page. Which designer sketched the appearance? Was expensively done however it genuinly was certainly worthwhile. Madly made
Editor’s Note
Thanks for the compliment. I must admit we get a lot of positive remarks about this design. It is interesting that we agonised over it for quite a while because we thought the design might over power the content. I’m still not sure that isn’t the case but I also like it and I can assure you we will keep it.
Great article Thank
you so much!